![]() These constituents, also known as phytochemicals, are small molecules that are not strictly necessarily for the survival of the plants but represent pharmacological activity. However, secondary metabolites are an especially popular topic in the present research. Besides, the fruits are abundant in other macronutrients, including sugars, dietary fiber, potassium, folate, calcium, thiamin, niacin, vitamin B6, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, riboflavin and pantothenic acid. Ĭitrus fruits are good sources of nutrition with an ample amount of vitamin C. Additionally, Citrus fruits can also be used in the food, beverage, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries as additives, spices, cosmetic ingredients and chemoprophylactic drugs, respectively. Citrus species are consumed mainly as fresh or raw materials for juices or are canned as segments. The sensory attributes of fruits (color, sweet taste, bitterness, and astringency) constitute decisive organoleptic and commercial properties. Flavonoids as characteristic bioactive metabolites in Citrus fruits are mainly introduced.Ĭitrus fruits, which belong to the genus Citrus of the family Rutaceae, are of various forms and sizes (from round to oblong), commonly known as oranges, mandarins, limes, lemons, grapefruits and citrons. This review summarizes the global distribution and taxonomy, numerous secondary metabolites and bioactivities of Citrus fruits to provide a reference for further study. These characteristics include anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, as well as cardiovascular protective effects, neuroprotective effects, etc. ![]() Citrus-derived secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, limonoids, coumarins, carotenoids, phenolic acids and essential oils, are of vital importance to human health due to their active properties. Numerous studies have focused on Citrus secondary metabolites as well as bioactivities and have been intended to develop new chemotherapeutic or complementary medicine in recent decades. What is more, a number of theseįruits have been used as traditional medicinal herbs to cure diseases in several Asian countries. The ruins of Memphis were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the 1970s.Citrus fruits, which are cultivated worldwide, have been recognized as some of the most high-consumption fruits in terms of energy, nutrients and health supplements. The Saqqara site is part of a vast necropolis in Memphis, the ancient capital of Egypt, which includes the pyramids of Giza and the smaller pyramids of Abu Sir, Dahshur and Abu Ruwaysh. The objects will be transferred for permanent display to the new Great Egyptian Museum, a mega-project still under construction near the famous Giza pyramids on the outskirts of Cairo. The discovery includes 250 painted sarcophagi with well-preserved mummies inside, as well as 150 bronze statues of ancient deities and bronze vessels used in rituals of Isis, the fertility goddess in ancient Egyptian mythology, all dating from the late period, about 500 BC.Ī headless bronze statue of Imhotep, the chief architect of Pharaoh Djoser who ruled ancient Egypt between 26 BC, was also displayed. The artefacts were displayed in a makeshift exhibition at the foot of the Step Pyramid of Djoser in Saqqara, 24 kilometres (15 miles) southwest of the Egyptian capital. Egyptian antiquities authorities on Monday put on display a set of 2,500-year-old artifacts recently unearthed at the famous Saqqara necropolis near Cairo.
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